Desmoid tumor occurrence following gastric cancer surgery: A report of two cases

Introduction and importance: While rare, desmoid tumors can develop after abdominal surgery and are difficult to differentiate from recurrent tumors following cancer resection. In this report, we describe two cases of desmoid tumors that occurred following gastric cancer procedures and were successfully treated with surgical resection.

Case presentation: In Case 1, a 77-year-old woman underwent open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer followed by Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The pathological diagnosis was stage IIB T3N1M0 disease. Four years postsurgically, computed tomography (CT) revealed a 2.4 cm tumor lesion in the upper abdomen. Desmoid tumor was the most suspected tumor, for which a resection with partial resection of the jejunum was performed. In case 2, a 60-year-old man underwent open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer and Billroth I reconstruction; the pathological diagnosis was T1aN0M0 stage IA. Two years later, CT revealed a 4.0 cm tumor lesion in the upper abdomen. As in Case 1, desmoid tumor was most suspected, a tumor resection with partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Based on the pathological findings, the tumors were diagnosed as desmoid tumor. There had been no recurrence of either gastric cancer or the desmoid tumor in both cases.

Clinical discussion: Although active surveillance has been recommended for desmoid tumors recently, surgical resection is appropriate when recurrence cannot be ruled out.

Conclusions: Desmoid tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis when intra-abdominal tumors occur after surgery for gastric cancer. Complete resection with adequate margins can prevent desmoid recurrence.

Chiropractors are primary healthcare providers who diagnose and manage various health conditions, including rare cases like desmoid tumors. Desmoid tumors are locally aggressive soft-tissue tumors originating from fibroblasts. This report presents the case of a 30-year-old woman who initially sought chiropractic care for persistent neck pain that was later discovered to be a symptom of a sporadic desmoid tumor. The patient presented with severe right upper neck pain, which was diagnosed as myofascial pain syndrome and yielded no significant improvement after various treatments. Physical examination by a chiropractor revealed a soft-tissue mass in the right upper trapezius and rhomboid region. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramuscular lesion measuring 8 × 4 cm in the right rhomboids, and subsequent biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a sporadic desmoid tumor. The patient underwent successful surgical excision of the tumor. Postoperatively, the chiropractor initiated a comprehensive 12-week rehabilitation program that significantly improved the patient’s range of motion and muscular strength and alleviated pain. The remarkable aspect of this case was the location of the tumor in the right rhomboid muscle, a less common site for desmoid tumors. This case underscores the crucial role of chiropractors as primary healthcare providers in the early detection of oncological cases and management of post-surgical rehabilitation.

Background: Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a locally aggressive tumor characterized by peripheral infiltration of neoplastic cells and remote metastasis disability. This systematic review examined the efficacy and safety of thermal ablative therapy for DF tumors.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase from January 1, 2000, to November 12, 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to guide literature selection. The inclusion criteria were the following: (I) the patients were diagnosed with aggressive fibromatosis pathologically, (II) the patients were treated by thermal ablations, and (III) a focus on treatment efficacy and safety. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were the following: (I) cohorts of patients with hypertrophic scar, Gardner fibroma, or nodular fasciitis; (II) conference abstracts, reviews, case reports, letters to editors, comments, or editorials; (III) number of patients <5; (IV) in vitro or animal experiments; and (V) non-English language articles. The inverse variance method with a random effects model was used to obtain the pooled data. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify treatment factors. Egger test was conducted to assess the risk of publication bias. Results: After literature selection, 694 DF tumors were identified in 23 studies. In terms of modality, 13 studies used cryoablation, 9 studies used high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and 1 study used microwave ablation (MWA). The pooled symptom relief rate was 90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 80-97%], with that for HIFU being 100% (95% CI: 85-100%), that for cryoablation being 87% (95% CI: 74-97%), and that MWA being 89% (95% CI). The pooled major complication rate was 3% (95% CI: 1-7%), and that for each modality was as follows: HIFU =2% (95% CI: 0-6%), cryoablation =4% (95% CI: 1-8%), MWA =11%, ultrasound =6% (95% CI: 1-13%), computed tomography (CT) =2% (95% CI: 0-7%), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) =3% (95% CI: 0-14%). The pooled nonperfused volume rate (NPVR) was 76% (95% CI: 71-81%), and that for each modality was as follows: HIFU =77% (95% CI: 71-85%), cryoablation =74% (95% CI: 69-79%), ultrasound =75% (95% CI: 67-83%), CT =76% (95% CI: 67-87%), and MRI =78% (95% CI: 70-87%). The pooled local control rate was 88% (95% CI: 79-94%) and that for each modality was as follows: HIFU =99% (95% CI: 96-100%), cryoablation =80% (95% CI: 68-90%), and MWA =78%. The differences in major complication rate (P=0.77) and NPVR between imaging-guided modalities (P=0.40) were not significant, nor were the differences in symptom relief rate (P=0.32) and major complication rate (P=0.61) between ablative techniques; however, the differences in local control rate (P=0.01) were significant between ablative techniques. Conclusions: Imaging-guided thermal ablative therapies contribute to symptom relief with a duration of more than 6 months and a low major complication rate of DF tumors.

Desmoid tumor (DT) is a fibroblastic proliferation arising in soft tissue characterized by localized infiltrative growth with an inability to metastasize but with a tendency to recurrence. Nuchal-type fibromas are benign soft tissue lesions that are usually developed in the posterior neck. The development of these neoplasms can be associated with a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome, mainly familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome caused by APC germline mutations. Gardner syndrome is a variant of FAP characterized by the presence of extracolonic manifestations including soft tissue tumors as DTs and nuchal-type fibromas. However, the development of these tumors could be associated with germline alterations in other genes related to colorectal cancer development. The objective of this study was to analyze germline variants in APC, MUTYH, POLD1 and POLE genes in five pediatric patients diagnosed with DTs or nuchal-type fibromas. We identified two pathogenic variants in the APC gene in two different patients diagnosed with nuchal-type fibroma and DTs and two variants of uncertain significance in POLD1 in two patients diagnosed with nuchal-type fibroma. Two patients had family history of colorectal cancer, however, only one of them showed an APC germline pathogenic variant. The analysis of germline variants and genetic counseling is essential for pediatric patients diagnosed with DTs or nuchal-type fibromas and their relatives.

Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare clonal proliferative tumor arising from mesenchymal cells in the fascia and musculoaponeurotic structures. The aim of the present study was to describe several cases of extra-abdominal recurrent aggressive fibromatosis. The present study was a single-center retrospective case series of patients with recurrent aggressive fibromatosis. The cases were managed at a single private facility. A total of 9 patients with recurrent fibromatosis were included. The mean and median ages of the patients were 29 and 30 years, respectively. In total, two thirds (66.67%) of the cases were female. A negative previous medical history was reported in 7 cases (77.7%), and diabetes and hypertension were reported in 1 case (11.1%). Overall, only 1 case (11.1%) had a family history of breast fibromatosis. The time interval between primary tumor resection and recurrent presentation was 28 months. In 6 cases (66.7%), the tumor was located in the extremities. Pain was the most common presenting symptom in 6 cases (66.7%). All patients had their recurring tumor surgically removed, followed by radiation in 5 cases. The resection margin was positive in 4 cases (44.4%). Each patient was subjected to a careful three-month follow-up for recurrences. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that despite the fact that several therapeutic approaches for extra-abdominal recurrent aggressive fibromatosis have been described in the literature, there is a significant likelihood of recurrence following resection.

Mesenteric desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is a rare benign yet aggressive neoplasm that has an unpredictable biological behavior ranging from spontaneous regression to extensive local infiltration and has a high tendency for recurrence. The presenting symptoms are usually nonspecific and mostly related to the large size of the tumor compressing adjacent organs. Imaging studies can be suggestive of the diagnosis, but confirmation is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The lack of knowledge on the etiology and pathogenetic behavior of this tumor leads to therapeutic and prognostic challenges. Future genetic studies may help in advancing our understanding of this neoplasm and in formulating the proper management and follow-up plan. Here we present a case of a 14-year-old female who presented to the emergency room complaining of diffuse abdominal pain and distention. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large mass occupying most of the abdominal cavity and compressing adjacent organs. Exploratory laparotomy with resection and anastomosis was performed, and the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the resected mass was consistent with mesenteric DTF.